present perfect Tense

"Have" and "has" are both forms of the verb "to have," and they are used in different contexts based on the subject of the sentence. Here's when to use each:

1. "Have" is used with plural subjects (e.g., I, you, we, they):

   - I have a car.

   - We have a meeting.

   - They have finished their work.

2. "Has" is used with singular subjects (e.g., he, she, it, a singular noun):

   - He has a book.

   - She has an appointment.

   - It has rained today.

Positive:

1. I have finished my homework.

2. She has visited Paris before.

3. They have seen that movie.

Negative:

1. I haven't finished my homework.

2. She hasn't visited Paris before.

3. They haven't seen that movie.

Questions:

1. Have you finished your homework?

2. Has she visited Paris before?

3. Have they seen that movie?

Sure, here are 10 sentences in the present perfect tense, including positive, negative, and question forms:

Positive:

1. I have completed my project.

2. She has traveled to several countries.

3. They have bought a new car.

4. He has read that book.

5. We have seen that movie.

Negative:

6. I haven't finished my homework.

7. She hasn't visited the museum yet.

8. They haven't met my sister.

9. He hasn't eaten dinner.

10. We haven't watched the latest episode.

Questions:

11. Have you ever visited Paris?

12. Has she finished her assignment?

13. Have they been to that restaurant before?

14. Has he ever been to a concert?

15. Have we met before?

simple future

The simple future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. It is formed by adding "will" or "shall" before the base form of the verb. For example:

- I will go to the store.

- She shall meet us later.

- They will study for the exam.

1. I will take a vacation next month.

2. She will start her new job on Monday.

3. They will attend the concert on Saturday.

4. We will meet you at the restaurant later.

5. He will complete his project by Friday.

Of course! Here are ten sentences in the future simple tense, including questions and negative sentences:

Questions:

1. Will she travel to Europe next year?

2. Will they complete the assignment before the deadline?

3. Will you attend the conference next month?

4. Will it rain tomorrow?

5. Will John and Mary get married in the spring?

Negative Sentences:

6. I will not go to the party this weekend.

7. They will not buy a new house this year.

8. She will not cook dinner tonight.

9. The company will not launch the product in December.

10. We will not visit that museum on our trip.

The simple past tense

The simple past tense is a verb tense used to talk about actions, events, or states that occurred in the past and are no longer happening. It is often used to express actions or events that have a specific starting and ending point in the past. Here's how you can form the simple past tense for regular and irregular verbs:

1. Regular Verbs:

They typically form the past tense by adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb. Here are some common examples of regular verbs:

1. Walk - Walked

2. Talk - Talked

3. Play - Played

4. Jump - Jumped

5. Call - Called

6. Clean - Cleaned

7. Help - Helped

8. Work - Worked

9. Watch - Watched

10. Open - Opened

In each of these examples, you can see that the past tense is formed by adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb, and this pattern is consistent for regular verbs.

   - For most regular verbs, you can simply add "-ed" to the base form of the verb. For example:

     - "I walked to the park yesterday."

     - "She watched a movie last night."

2. Irregular Verbs:

   - Irregular verbs don't follow a consistent pattern when forming the past tense. You need to learn their specific past tense forms. For example:

     - "I went to the store this morning."

     - "He ate pizza for dinner."

Regular Verb:

1. "She **worked** late last night."

2. "He **played** soccer with his friends."

3. "They **cleaned** the house on Saturday."

4. "I **watched** a great movie on Friday."

Irregular Verb:

1. "She **went** to the store yesterday."(go) 

2. "He **ate** pizza for dinner."(eat) 

3. "They **broke** the window accidentally."( break) 

Certainly, here are more examples of sentences using irregular verbs in the simple past tense:

1. "She **sang** a beautiful song at the concert."( sing) 

2. "He **drank** a glass of water after his run."( drink) 

3. "They **drove** to the mountains for a weekend getaway."(drive ) 

5. "She **broke** her phone accidentally."( break) 

6. "He **ran** a marathon last month."( run) 

7. "They **began** their journey early in the morning."( begin) 

8. "I **spoke** to my friend on the phone."(speak) 

SEC :- unit :- 1.2 Self-awareness:-

Self-awareness:-

Self-awareness, as a life skill, means understanding your own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. 

It's like having a mental mirror that helps you know how you feel, why you do certain things, and what you're good or not so good at.

 This skill is important because it helps you manage your emotions, set goals that suit you, communicate better with others, and make wise choices in life.

 It's like having a compass for personal growth and better relationships.

Self-awareness is a deeper understanding of yourself, and it can be broken down into two key components:

1. **Internal Self-awareness**: 

This aspect involves recognizing your emotions, values, passions, and the impact of your actions on others. It's about knowing what you're feeling and why, understanding your strengths and weaknesses, and being in tune with your values and beliefs. For example, being able to recognize that you're feeling frustrated and understanding that it's because a particular task challenges you is a form of internal self-awareness.

2. **External Self-awareness**:

 This relates to how others perceive સમજવું you. It involves recognizing how your behavior and emotions affect those around you. It means understanding how you come across to others, your strengths and weaknesses from their perspective, and how you can adjust your actions to build better relationships. For instance, realizing that your friend finds your constant interruptions during conversations annoying હેરાન કરે છે is an aspect of external self-awareness.

Self-awareness is a foundational skill that can bring numerous benefits:

- **Improved Relationships**: Being self-aware allows you to better understand and empathize with others. It helps you navigate conflicts (a difference between two or more ideas) more effectively and communicate more clearly.

- **Personal Growth**: Recognizing your strengths and weaknesses enables you to set meaningful goals and work on self-improvement.

- **Emotional Intelligence**: It's a key component of emotional intelligence, helping you manage your emotions and react more thoughtfully in various situations.

- **Better Decision-making**: Knowing your values and priorities can guide your choices, leading to decisions that align હારબંધ ગોઠવવું with your authentic self.

- **Effective Leadership**: Self-aware leaders are often more successful because they understand how their actions impact their team and can adapt their leadership style accordingly.

 **Knowing Triggers and Reactions**: This means understanding what situations or people might provoke specific emotional or behavioral responses.

 You realize that criticism triggers defensiveness in you. This awareness helps you control defensive reactions during discussions or feedback sessions.

**Self-Reflection**: Self-awareness encourages regular self-reflection and introspection.આત્મનિરીક્ષણ

After a failed project, you reflect on your role and acknowledge your tendency to procrastinate. This realization motivates you to work on time management skills.

**Impact on Relationships**: Self-awareness enhances your ability to empathize and relate to others' emotions and perspectives.

Recognizing your impatience helps you better understand your partner's need for patience in certain situations. 

*Setting Personal Goals**: It enables you to set realistic and meaningful personal and professional goals.

Knowing your career aspirations, you set a goal to attain a specific certification, taking steps to achieve it. 

**Improved Communication**: Self-awareness leads to more effective communication as you can express yourself clearly and empathetically.સહાનુભૂતિપૂર્વક

 

You convey your feelings and needs honestly to your team, which fosters better collaboration and understanding.

**Adaptability and Learning**: Being self-aware facilitates adaptability and continuous learning, as you are open to changing and growing based on feedback and experiences.

After feedback from a mentor, you adapt your leadership style to be more inclusive, which results in a more cohesive સંયોજક team.

Conclusion :- 

Developing self-awareness typically involves practices like introspection,આત્મનિરીક્ષણ meditation, seeking feedback from others, and engaging in self-reflection સ્વ-પ્રતિબિંબ. It's an ongoing process that can lead to personal and professional growth.

Future

 the future continuous tense

1. I will be studying for my exam tomorrow.

2. They will be traveling to Paris next week.

4. We will be having a party on Saturday.

5. He will be playing soccer at 3 PM.

6. Will they be attending the conference tomorrow?

7. The construction workers will be building a new house.

**Negative Sentences:**

1. I will not be working on my project tomorrow.

2. They will not be celebrating their anniversary next month.

3. She will not be baking a cake for the party.

4. We will not be watching a movie this evening.

5. He will not be playing basketball at 4 PM.

**Question Sentences:**

1. Will I be working on my project tomorrow?

2. Will they be celebrating their anniversary next month?

5. Will he be playing basketball at 4 PM?

6. Will they be attending the conference tomorrow?

7. Will I be practicing the piano later?

Past continuous tense

Past continuous tense :-

Past continuous tense is used to describe actions or events that were ongoing or in progress at a specific point in the past. It is formed by using the past tense of the verb "to be" (was/were) and adding the present participle (the base form of the verb + "-ing"). For example:

1. She was cooking dinner at 7 PM last night.

2. It was raining heavily when I left for work this morning.

3. The phone rang while I was taking a shower.

4. She was talking to her boss when the fire alarm went off. 

5. He was repairing his car when the thunderstorm began.

6. We were enjoying a picnic at the beach last weekend.

These sentences illustrate various activities in the past with appropriate time references.

SEC Unit :- 1.1 Importance of life skills :-

Introduction :-

Life skills(a skill that is necessary ) are important because they help us handle everyday challenges, make better decisions, build relationships, and lead a more successful and fulfilling પરિપૂર્ણ life.

important :-Petrol

Haldi

Fever

Power bank

challenges:- Without light

Tea

decisionsCourse 

Video / Tv / phone

relationships:- Friends

Bus travel

Exam 

Help to reach destiny

Soi & doro

Book cover

Fevistick

Creating

Cylinder

Recharge

Life skills are a set of essential abilities ક્ષમતાઓ and competencies યોગ્યતા that enable individuals to handle various challenges and tasks effectively in their daily lives. These skills are not only practical but also contribute ફાળો to personal development and well-being.( respect to elder, speak politely, help stranger, saw care for old person & bagger , Help without expectations)They include a wide range of capabilities( ability to do something) such as communication( Doctor, Mother ), problem-solving (Friend, Teacher),decision-making,( Stream, career, Job, selecting place, clothes)adaptability,અનુકૂલનક્ષમતા( House, cold water, food, Tv, Bed)emotional intelligence બુદ્ધિ, and many others.

Life skills can be categorized into different groups, including 

social skills (e.g., communication, interpersonal  relationships), (connection  between two or more people) 

personal skills (e.g., self-awareness

સ્વ-જાગૃતિ, self-motivation), and

 practical skills (e.g., financial literacy, time management). 

Developing and applying these skills is crucial for success in education,( understand content, write paper creativly)work( confidence, eyes context, examples,connect with audience), relationships( College friends, school friend, street friends, job connection), and overall life satisfaction.

Importance of life skills :-

1. **Communication Skills**:

   - *Importance*: Effective communication is vital for expressing thoughts, understanding others, and building relationships.

   - *Example*:

 👉A job interview where clear communication showcases your qualifications and interpersonal(આંતરવ્યક્તિત્વ) skills.

2. **Problem-Solving Skills:**

   - *Importance:* Helps you fix things and come up with solutions.

   - *Example:*

👉 If you can't reach your favorite toy, you can use a stool to get it down.

👉Finding a lost toy by retracing your steps.

Chanda- katho

Covid - nas, kogla

Parasitamol, vicsk

Goggle map

YouTube 

3. **Decision-Making Skills:**

   - *Importance:* Choosing wisely makes you happy.

   - *Example:*

 👉Deciding to wear a raincoat when it's raining keeps you dry.

👉Picking between ice cream and cake for dessert.

Phone 

Eating

College time 

Wear clothes

4. **Time Management Skills:**

   - *Importance:* Lets you do schoolwork and have fun.

   - *Example:* 

👉Finishing your homework early gives you time to play games.

👉Finishing homework before watching your favorite TV show.

Occasion

Manage time

5. **Emotional Management Skills:**

   - *Importance:* Keeps you calm and handles your feelings.

   - *Example:*

 👉Taking deep breaths when you're scared helps you feel better.

Meditation

Song

Chat with family or frnd

6. **Teamwork Skills:**

   - *Importance:* Working together and sharing with others.

   - *Example:* 

👉Building a sandcastle at the beach with friends.

7. **Adaptability:**

   - *Importance:* Helps you adjust to changes without getting upset.

   - *Example:* 

👉Being okay with a different plan when your friend can't come over.

👉Helps you adjust to changes.

Restaurants

Mahman

8. **Critical Thinking:**

   - *Importance:* Makes you a smart problem solver.

   - *Example:*

👉 Figuring out a puzzle by looking at the picture.

9. **Financial Skills:**

   - *Importance:* Learning about money and saving.

   - *Example:*

👉 Saving some of your allowance to buy a new toy you really want.

Financial management

10. **Health and Well-being Skills:**

    - *Importance:* Keeps your body and mind strong.

    - *Example:* Eating vegetables and fruits helps you grow up healthy and strong.

Lindo

Saragvo

Alowera

Diet 

11. **Respect for Others:**

    - *Importance:* Makes people like you.

    - *Example:* Saying "please" and "thank you."

12. **Resilience:**સ્થિતિસ્થાપકતા

    - *Importance:* Bounces back from tough times.

    - *Example:* Trying again when you fall off your bike.

Sucess, Fame, down fall

13. **Creativity:**

    - *Importance:* Makes life more fun.

    - *Example:* Drawing colorful pictures or making up stories.

Home decorations

Clothes design

14. **Leadership Skills:**

    - *Importance:* Helps you guide others.

    - *Example:* Being the captain of a pretend spaceship game.

Class monitor

15. **Empathy:**

    - *Importance:* Understands how others feel.

    - *Example:* Comforting a friend who's sad.

16. **Conflict Resolution:**

    - *Importance:* Solves arguments peacefully.

    - *Example:* Talking calmly to a friend you had a disagreement with.

17. **Hygiene:**

    - *Importance:* Keeps you clean and healthy.

    - *Example:* Washing your hands before meals.

18. **Networking:**

    - *Importance:* Helps you make connections.

    - *Example:* Getting to know your neighbors.

19. **Goal Setting:**

    - *Importance:* Guides you towards your dreams.

    - *Example:* Planning to read a book every month.

20. **Honesty:**

    - *Importance:* Builds trust with others.

    - *Example:* Admitting if you accidentally broke something.

These life skills are like your life's toolkit, helping you with different situations to live a happy and successful life.